Expect everything to change...

Windows Containers Fundamentals

1. Containers wrap software up within in a complete file system that contains everything it needs to run: code, runtime, system tools and system libraries.
2. Always run the same, regardless of the environment.
3. Applications running in containers can’t interact or see other applications running in the host OS or in other containers.

Virtual Machines Vs Containers

Virtual machine

1. standalone and has its own operating system, its own applications and its own resources.
2. Each virtual machine uses its own OS, libraries, etc.
3. occupy significant amounts of memory.

Containers

1. do not contain any operating system
2. take up fewer resources
3. share the host operating system, including the kernel and libraries, so they don’t need to boot a full OS.

Windows Server Containers Vs Hyper-V Containers

Windows Server Container

1. based on the Windows Server Core image.
2. if we trust the code

Hyper-V Container

1. based on the Windows Nano Server image.
2. each container runs in a highly-optimized virtual machine, so that they provide a full secure isolation.
3. kernel of the container host is not shared with other Hyper-V Containers.
4. if we don’t trust the code

Docker

Windows Server 2016 can’t run Linux containers in Docker format but only Windows containers.

Docker Platform

• Container Host: Physical or Virtual computer system configured with the Windows Container feature.
• Container Image: A container image contains the base operating system, application, and all the application dependencies that are needed to quickly deploy a container.
• Container OS Image: The container OS image is the operating system environment.
• Container Registry: Container images are stored in a container registry, and can be downloaded on demand. It is a place where container images are published. A registry can be remote or on-premises.
• Docker Engine: It is the core of the Docker platform. It is a lightweight container runtime that builds and runs your container.
• Docker file: Docker files are used by developers to build and automate the creation of container images. With a Docker file, the Docker daemon can automatically build a container image.

my thanks to the following:
https://www.red-gate.com/simple-talk/sysadmin/virtualization/working-windows-containers-docker-basics/